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Samudraiah, D. R. M.

Mars Colour Camera: the payload characterization/calibration and data analysis from Earth imaging phase

Abstract Views :242 | PDF Views:198

Authors

A. S. Arya ¹, S. S. Sarkar ¹, A. R. Srinivas ¹, S. Manthira Moorthi ¹, Vishnukumar D. Patel ¹, Rimjhim B. Singh ¹, R. P. Rajasekhar ¹, Sampa Roy ¹, Indranil Misra ¹, Sukamal Kr. Paul ¹, Dhrupesh Shah ², Kamlesh Patel ¹, Rajdeep K. Gambhir ¹, U. S. H. Rao ¹, Amul Patel ¹, Jalshri Desai ¹, Rahul Dev ¹, Ajay K. Prashar ¹, Hiren Rambhia ¹, Ranjan Parnami ¹, Harish Seth ¹, K. R. Murali ¹, Rishi Kaushik ¹, Deepak Patidar ¹, Nilesh Soni ¹, Prakash Chauhan ¹, D. R. M. Samudraiah ¹, A. S. Kiran Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 1076-1086

Abstract

Mars Colour Camera (MCC) on-board Mars Orbiter Mission is considered the ‘eye’ of the mission, taking photographs (imageries) of the surfacial features on Mars, and the cloud and dust around it. MCC is an important contextual camera for other non-imaging sensors like MSM, TIS, LAP, etc. The camera has been designed, characterized, calibrated and qualified at the Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad by a team of professional engineers and scientists. It has been miniaturized, ruggedized and space-qualified to match the weight and power budget of the mission. During Earth orbit phase, the images returned by the camera have been analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that MCC has been working as expected in terms of radiometry, geometry and application potential to discern various morphological features. The present article discusses these facts in detail.

Keywords

Detector, Earth imaging phase, payload, Mars colour camera.

Full Text

References

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Zhang, L., Automatic digital surface model (DSM) generation from lineararray images. Ph D dissertation. Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry,Zurich, Switzerland, 2005.

Baltsavias, E. P., Pateraki, M. and Zhang, L. Radiometric and geometric evaluationof IKONOS geo images and their use for 3D buildingmodeling. In Proceedings of Joint ISPRS Workshop on HighResolution Mapping from Space 2001, Hannover, Germany,19–21 September 2001.

Methane Sensor for Mars

Abstract Views :239 |

Authors

Kurian Mathew ¹, S. S. Sarkar ¹, A. R. Srinivas ¹, Moumita Dutta ¹, Minal x Minal Rohit ¹, Harish Seth ¹, Rajiv Kumaran ¹, Kshitij Pandya ¹, Ankush Kumar ¹, Jitendra Sharma ¹, Jalshri Desai ¹, Amul Patel ¹, Vishnu Patel ¹, Piyush Shukla ¹, S. Manthira Moorthi ¹, Aravind K. Singh ¹, Ashutosh Gupta ¹, Jaya Rathi ¹, P. Narayana Babu ¹, Saji A. Kuriakose ¹, D. R. M. Samudraiah ¹, A. S. Kiran Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 058, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 1087-1096

Abstract

Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM), on-board Mars Orbiter Mission is a differential radiometer based on Fabry–Perot Etalon (FPE) filters which measures column density of methane in the Martian atmosphere. It is the first FPE sensor ever flown to space. Spectral, spatial and radiometric performances of the sensor were characterized thoroughly during the pre-launch calibration. Geophysical calibration of the sensor was carried out using the data acquired over Sahara desert during Earth Parking Orbit phase. Retrieval algorithm for MSM, which is based on the linearization of radiative transfer equations, gets simultaneous solutions for CH4 and CO2 concentrations in the Martian atmosphere.

Keywords

Differential radiometer, Fabry–Perot Etalon, geophysical calibration, methane sensor, retrieval algorithm.

Full Text

References

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Krasnopolsky, V. A., Some problems related to the origin of methaneon Mars. Icarus, 2006, 180, 359–367.

Atreya, S. K., The mystery of methane on Mars and Titan. Sci.Am., 2007, 256, 43–51.

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Krasnopolsky, V. A., Long-term spectroscopic observations of Marsusing IRTF/CSHELL: mapping of O2 day-glow, CO and searchfor CH4. Icarus, 2007, 190, 93–102.

Chizek, M. R., Murphy, J. R., Fonti, S., Marzo, G. A., Kahre, M. A. and Roush, T. L., Mapping the methane on Mars: seasonal comparison. In The Fourth International Workshop on the Mars Atmosphere: Modelling and Observation, in Paris, 8–11 February 2011; http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/paris2011/ program.html

Zahnle, K., Freedman, R. and Catling, D., Is there methane on Mars? Icarus, 2011, 212, 493–503.

Zahnle, K., Freedman, R. and Catling, D., Is there methane on Mars? Part II. In 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, TheWoodlands, Texas, 2011, p. 2427.

Heaps, W. S., Kawa, S. R., Georgieva, E. and Wilson, E., Fabry– Perotinterferometer for column CO2; www.esto.nasa.gov/conferences/estc2003/papers/B4P1(Heaps).pdf

Georgieva, E. M., Heaps, W. S. and Wilson, E. L., Differential radiometersusing Fabry–Perot interferometric technique for remotesensing of greenhouse gases. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2008, 46(10), 3115–3122.

Cunningham, I. A. and Fenster, A., A method for modulation transferfunction determination from edge profiles with correction forfinite element differentiation. Med. Phys., 1987, 14(4), 533–537.

Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Mars Orbiter Mission

Abstract Views :220 | PDF Views:214

Authors

R. P. Singh ¹, Somya S. Sarkar ¹, Manoj Kumar ¹, Anish Saxena ¹, U. S. H. Rao ¹, Arun Bhardwaj ¹, Jalshri Desai ¹, Jitendra Sharma ¹, Amul Patel ¹, Yogesh Shinde ¹, Hemant Arora ¹, A. R. Srinivas ¹, Jaya Rathi ¹, Hitesh Patel ¹, Meenakshi Sarkar ¹, Arpita Gajaria ¹, S. Manthira Moorthi ¹, Mehul R. Pandya ¹, Ashwin Gujrati ¹, Prakash Chauhan ¹, Kuriakose A. Saji ¹, D. R. M. Samudraiah ¹, A. S. Kiran Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 058, IN
2 Indian Space Research Organisation, Bengaluru 560 231, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 1097-1105

Abstract

Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS), which operates in the infrared spectral region (7-13 μm), is one of the five instruments on-board the Mars Orbiting Mission (MOM). TIS was designed to detect emitted thermal infrared radiation from the Martian environment, which would enable the estimation of ground temperature of the surface of Mars and also map its surface composition. TIS instrument is a grating-based spectrometer which has spatial resolution of 258 m at periapsis (372 km). TIS hardware was realized with light-weight miniaturized components (total weight 3.2 kg) with power requirement of 6 W. Observations from TIS instrument were carried out during Earth-bound manoeuvres and cruise phase operations of MOM and the results were found to be in agreement with the laboratory measurements.

Keywords

Aerosol Optical Thickness, Mars Orbiter, Minerals Detection, Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy.

Full Text

Indigenous Development of 320 x 256 Focal-Plane Array Using InAs/InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots-In-A-Well Infrared Detectors for Thermal Imaging

Abstract Views :244 | PDF Views:88

Authors

K. C. Goma Kumari ¹, H. Ghadi ¹, D. R. M. Samudraiah ², S. Chakrabarti ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
2 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 07 (2017), Pagination: 1568-1573

Abstract

We report here the indigenous development of a 320 x 256 infrared focal-plane imager fabricated using an InAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure, whose photoluminescence peak is at 1162 nm and activation energy is 187 meV. We discuss the fabrication and characterization of single-pixel detectors that can measure intersubband spectral responses with peak intensity at 9.3 μm. Using the fabricated device, infrared images were captured at 50-90 K. Device optimization led to approximately 95% of the pixels in the imaging array being operational and a reasonably low noise equivalent temperature of approximately 100 mK at 50-60 K.

Keywords

Focal-Plane Arrays, Infrared Detectors, Photoluminescence Peak, Quantum Dots, Thermal Imaging.

Full Text

References

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Andrews, J. R. et al., Comparison of quantum dots-in-a-doublewell and quantum dots-in-a-well focal plane arrays in the longwave infrared. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., 2011, 58(7), 2022–2027.

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Andrews, J. R. et al., Comparison of quantum dots-in-a-well and quantum-well focal plane arrays in the long-wave infrared. IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev., 2009, 56(3), 512–516.

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